The second Sunday of Great Lent in the Orthodox Church is dedicated to the commemoration of the 14th-century archbishop of Thessalonica, St. Gregory Palamas. Its celebration one week after the Sunday of Orthodoxy, which commemorates the 7th Ecumenical Council’s defense of icons, is due to the Church’s recognition that St. Gregory’s teachings represent a second “Triumph of Orthodoxy” (Father Alexander Schmemann, Great Lent).
St. Gregory’s message was mostly apologetic, arguing on behalf of a spiritual experience historically grounded in the Church’s theology—not introducing anything new. He defended certain hesychast monks (from hesychia, meaning silence, stillness), who claimed they had encountered God’s uncreated light while in prayer.
Gregory’s main protagonist was a Latin theologian named Barlaam, who argued that direct experience of God was impossible, because God exists beyond all categories of being. Therefore, He can be known only through symbol or analogy. Gregory agreed with Barlaam that God’s transcendence placed Him outside the range of human understanding. Beyond this, though, they parted ways. Whereas for Barlaam, God’s transcendence was the end of the story, for Gregory and the hesychasts, there was an important sequel.
Gregory’s defense of the monks’ experience relied on his assertion (which he saw reflected in Scripture and Patristic tradition) that God is not captive to His transcendence any more than He is captive to the world of the things that we can know with our minds. God ultimately is not bound by either the rules of being or non-being. While those categories may be irreducible features of our own thought and rationality, for God they are as permeable as the walls through which the risen Christ passed when He appeared to Thomas and the other disciples. Read More